Thursday, January 30, 2020

High School Essay Example for Free

High School Essay My freshman year of high school was scary. Two rival middles schools coming together to make one freshman class did not seem like the best idea, the classes were harder, and the stress levels were higher. In eighth grade I was so excited to be in high school, but once I got there I could not wait for that year to be over. Then I realized I still had three more long school years ahead of me. Dont get me wrong, I had plenty of fun times freshman year. I met so many new people and made a lot of new friends. The majority of my friends then are still my friends now. But I was ready to grow up. I think every teenager thinks like this at one point or throughout every year of high school. Most teenagers are ready to move from home and start a new and more independent life in college during most years of high school. I know that I thought this way for quite sometime. I thought that life in college would be a million times more eventful than life in high school. Sophomore and junior year were also similar to freshman year. Friendships became stronger, classes were continuing to get more difficult, and even though I involved myself more in extracurricular activities, I was ready to get out of town and start college more than ever. I had picked out my dream school and already had so many plans for my freshman year of college. But instead of time speeding up like I wished it would, it felt like it was slowing down. Summer going into senior year I began getting bored with the town and I felt like I was always saying there is nothing to do here. I thought I needed more adventure and was becoming tired of just going through the motions. Although I felt like that then, a few weeks into senior year my mindset had completely changed. Even though senior year has been the toughest year yet, my class has created a culture. There is so many things that define us as a class and set us apart from everyone else. From traditions started at football games, to the things that we do as a group, we have created our own culture and identity. I have realized that even though I have wanted the past three years to fly by, all I want is for this year to slow down. My friends and I have all created extremely close bonds and we have become almost like a family. I feel like throughout the past three years I have taken a lot of things for granted and have not really appreciated all the memories I have had that came from good experiences. I have learned not to take any special moments for granted because I could look back on these days and remember all of the good times and how much I enjoyed my senior year. At times I regret wanting to grow up so fast because I know now that these are some of the best times of my life and I wish I would have appreciated them before. Although I do regret that, Im thankful I get to spend this year with every single one of my closest friends. I still have a long time to make memories, but as the saying goes, time flies when youre having fun.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Comparisons of Helen Maria Williams A Tour in Switzerland and Lady Mor

Comparisons of Helen Maria Williams' A Tour in Switzerland and Lady Morgan's Italy Works Cited Missing Both Helen Maria Williams and Lady Morgan are important representatives of the genre of Romantic travel literature. These two accounts were published more than twenty years apart, and while they regard different countries, thematic and stylistic parallels and contrasts can, not surprisingly, be established between the two works. Social and cultural commentary, as well political and historical criticism, are prominent in these two accounts. Another point of comparison is the theme of the relation of man with nature. Williams' style leans toward the sentimental tradition in travel writing; it is personalized and her perceptions tend to be mediated through the emotions. Lady Morgan's descriptions rely more on intellectual rather than emotional elements, and are often polemical, while also remaining self-consciously subjective. Both writers register powerful emotion at seeing the Alps for the first time. Both also make an effort to give this important moment a particular context. Williams stresses the subjective, that is, the importance of the Alps in her own personal 'narrative,' and in this way contextualizes for the reader the emotional rapture, or 'transport,' which she relates to us of the moment of the first view: "It was not without the most powerful emotion that, for the first time, I cast my eyes on that solemn, that majestic vision, the Alps! - how often had the idea of those stupendous mountains filled my heart with enthusiastic awe! - so long, so eagerly, had I desired to contemplate that scene of wonders, that I was unable to trace when first the wish was awakened in my bosom - it seemed from childhood to have m... ...commodiousness of the private houses is, that the ancients, like the modern population of Rome and Naples, lived more abroad than in the house" (292). The painting on the facades of the palaces of Genoa are not described in visual detail, which may have been one approach, but instead prompt an argument about the institutes of art and the nature of public demand (306). A visit to the Museo Capitolino in Rome breeds the remark that "plunder was ever the principle of the Romans" (115). She solidifies the Coliseum in the reader's memory as "the last and noblest monument of Roman grandeur, and Roman crime" (125). A memorable representation of Naples, encountered as her first view of the city from some distance, is Morgan's imaginative construct of it as "some fabled city of the east, the dream of Arabian poets" (278). In this way her Italy is very much a mediated Italy. Comparisons of Helen Maria Williams' A Tour in Switzerland and Lady Mor Comparisons of Helen Maria Williams' A Tour in Switzerland and Lady Morgan's Italy Works Cited Missing Both Helen Maria Williams and Lady Morgan are important representatives of the genre of Romantic travel literature. These two accounts were published more than twenty years apart, and while they regard different countries, thematic and stylistic parallels and contrasts can, not surprisingly, be established between the two works. Social and cultural commentary, as well political and historical criticism, are prominent in these two accounts. Another point of comparison is the theme of the relation of man with nature. Williams' style leans toward the sentimental tradition in travel writing; it is personalized and her perceptions tend to be mediated through the emotions. Lady Morgan's descriptions rely more on intellectual rather than emotional elements, and are often polemical, while also remaining self-consciously subjective. Both writers register powerful emotion at seeing the Alps for the first time. Both also make an effort to give this important moment a particular context. Williams stresses the subjective, that is, the importance of the Alps in her own personal 'narrative,' and in this way contextualizes for the reader the emotional rapture, or 'transport,' which she relates to us of the moment of the first view: "It was not without the most powerful emotion that, for the first time, I cast my eyes on that solemn, that majestic vision, the Alps! - how often had the idea of those stupendous mountains filled my heart with enthusiastic awe! - so long, so eagerly, had I desired to contemplate that scene of wonders, that I was unable to trace when first the wish was awakened in my bosom - it seemed from childhood to have m... ...commodiousness of the private houses is, that the ancients, like the modern population of Rome and Naples, lived more abroad than in the house" (292). The painting on the facades of the palaces of Genoa are not described in visual detail, which may have been one approach, but instead prompt an argument about the institutes of art and the nature of public demand (306). A visit to the Museo Capitolino in Rome breeds the remark that "plunder was ever the principle of the Romans" (115). She solidifies the Coliseum in the reader's memory as "the last and noblest monument of Roman grandeur, and Roman crime" (125). A memorable representation of Naples, encountered as her first view of the city from some distance, is Morgan's imaginative construct of it as "some fabled city of the east, the dream of Arabian poets" (278). In this way her Italy is very much a mediated Italy.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

World Com Case

WorldCom: internal audit lessons to be learnt On June 9 2003, the U. S. Bankruptcy Court of New York issued a report on the WorldCom accounting fraud that expands on the court's earlier findings of mismanagement, lack of corporate governance, and concern regarding the integrity of the company's accounting and financial reporting functions. Supervised by former U. S. Attorney General Richard Thornburgh, the study was commissioned by the court to investigate allegations including fraud, mismanagement, and irregularities within the company.One section of the more than 200-page report, â€Å"Accounting and Related Internal Controls,† details WorldCom's weaknesses in internal and external audit processes. It also expands on the failings within the internal audit reporting structure, where the tone at the top â€Å"fostered an environment to allow the fraud to go undetected. † The report cited a lack of independence in the company's internal audit reporting structure, which w as not challenged by the audit committee or external auditors.Observations on internal audit reporting and processes Internal auditing mission and scope According to Thornburgh's report, internal auditing was focused primarily on maximizing revenue, reducing costs, and improving efficiencies. The group performed audits and projects that would be seen as adding value to the company, rather than monitoring the adequacy of internal controls to reduce risk. It did not, for the most part, trace transactions to the general ledger or verify journal entries that supported financial accruals.Internal controls with an impact on accounting policies were not systematically evaluated or monitored by internal auditing, and findings were not communicated with the external auditors. Thornburgh's report noted that this was a serious weakness in the internal control evaluation process that was not questioned by the audit committee or external auditors. He indicated that internal auditing's narrow foc us may have contributed, in part, to the company's failure to detect some of the accounting improprieties.Management's influence over The internal audit department's mission and scope was not internal auditingtruly independent. In spite of the dual reporting line to the audit committee, the internal audit group reported and answered to senior management, including the chief financial officer and chief executive officer, who were both implicated in the fraud. Thornburgh indicated that the viability of the internal audit department was dependent on the â€Å"whim† of senior management.For years, internal audit leadership sought to gain company acceptance by focusing on value-added audits and projects rather than monitoring the sufficiency of internal controls. Management would assign special, non-audit projects using unscheduled resources, and the internal audit department did not meet its audit plan objectives, in part, because of the time and resources devoted to these projec ts. Lack of budgetary resources seriously Internal audit resources were insufficient in comparison to impacted the internal audit function peer companies.The audit committee failed to follow through on discussions with internal auditing about the adequacy of staff. WorldCom's internal audit department was half the size of internal audit departments in peer telecommunication companies, according to the 2002 Global Auditing Information Network study, conducted by The Institute of Internal Auditors. The Thornburgh report concluded that internal auditing's limited resources were inappropriate from an internal control perspective, given the international breadth and scope of the company's operations and challenges.Lack of substantive interaction with After 1997, internal auditing had little interaction with the external auditors company's external auditors, other than at quarterly audit committee meetings where both gave presentations. The external auditors did not receive internal audit reports and did not rely on internal audit work in their audits. Even though internal auditing identified internal control weaknesses in its final reports, there was no coordination with the external auditors to ensure that those weaknesses were not material, because the external auditor would report no material weaknesses in its own audits.No one confirmed whether or not the internal and external auditors were communicating about such issues and analysing the materiality of the weaknesses identified by internal auditing. Deficiencies were noted in the annual The risk assessment used during the internal audit planning internal audit planning process process did not involve quantitative factors to measure risk with respect to internal control weaknesses or prior audit findings. The level of risk was determined by assessing whether or not the audit would add value, i. . , enhance revenue or detect significant cost savings. If an audit area's level of risk did not meet these criteria, the audit would be considered low risk and would not be performed. Deficiencies were noted in the Thornburgh was concerned by the influence of management internal audit process and on the conduct and scope of internal audits as well as the the completion of audit reportsfinal reports. From the inception of the internal audit department — in or about 1993 — until January 2002, nternal auditing did not have uniform internal procedures relating to the conduct of audits, preparation or retention of reports and associated work papers, compilation and dissemination of management's response to recommendations, conduct of follow-up audits, or steps to address repeated failure to take corrective action. Thornburgh found no explanation why uniform procedures were not developed prior to January 2002. In addition, he found unwarranted influence by management in the preparation of final audit reports and recommendations.He felt that the language of many audit reports appeared to b e negotiations between the internal auditors and management. In addition, management's responses were not always presented to the audit committee. The report did note that internal auditing appeared to have performed its responsibilities diligently, given its limited resources and management pressures. Most internal audit reports identified internal control weaknesses, and many highlighted weaknesses identified in prior audits that ere not corrected to the satisfaction of the internal audit department. Internal audit improvements The internal audit department made several changes to improve the internal audit function in the company since the 2002 financial restatement and the adoption of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Internal audit management: †¢Increased staff by adding 12–15 auditors who are licensed certified public accountants, and anticipates hiring approximately 10 additional auditors. Strengthened training by requiring each professional staff member to obtain 8 0 hours of continuing education annually. †¢Added financial audits to the audit schedule, in addition to operational audits. †¢Created an internal audit team to task with the external auditors in connection with financial audits, communication, and planning. †¢Strengthened the risk assessment methodology to include an evaluation of materiality, audit frequency, changes in internal controls, and concerns by management, the audit committee, and the external auditor.

Monday, January 6, 2020

Essay on Nike Case Study - 743 Words

1. A decision to retain an in-house arm of agency Weiden amp; Kennedy by Nike exemplify the concept of organizational design by allowing Nike use the agency’s creative designers to focus solely on Nike work, giving them un-parallel access to executives, researchers and anyone else who might provide Nike advertisers with their next inspiration for marketing greatness before listening to any other organization. Having the agency in the building is having them at their disposal at anytime they need them and also the agency will have to consider them first incase of any new ad or good idea discovered by the agency or when Nike needs to salvage a problem with the help of the agency. Thus, the agency at their finger-tips serves great advantages†¦show more content†¦Nike would have known the right factories to outsource to instead of using factories that fail to meet their standards. 3. Fig. 1 shows what Nike network structure looks like, Mark Parker (CEO) reports to the Board of Directors and in return almost every manager/worker reports directly to him when the need arises. Nike is a divisional company but retains some functional departments as well. The brands Nike sells comprise many of the divisions of the company. Apparel for Nike brand, Converse, and Jordan brands are examples of some divisions created around specific products. Functional departments such as Nike design and investor relations are also part of Nike’s organizational structure. Nike‘s vertical structure includes CEO Mark Parker and a board of directors chaired by co-founder Phil Knight. Although Nike has functional divisions and divisions based on specific products it is not a matrix organization. In a matrix organization, employees report to a functional and divisional manage. At Nike, employees report to the divisional manager and the president of each division reports directly to the CEO. Nike’s continued product innovation and successful marketing are due to the combination of functional and divisional organization using an operations department to insure communication between divisions. There is division of labor but it is not clearly identified. With a more pronounced division of labor and levels of direct supervision Nike can improve itsShow MoreRelatedNike Case Study1004 Words   |  5 PagesRSS Case Study: E-recruitment gets Nike on track Posted by HR Zone in Strategies on Thu, 09/12/2004 - 16:54 0 inShare The Nike employer brand is extremely powerful in attracting potential talent to the business making the process of handling applications and supporting the resourcing process effectively and efficiently critical to business success; implementing e-recruitment was identified as the way to solve this businesses hiring problems. The issue Nike currently receives aroundRead MoreNike Case Study1112 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study- Nike 1. 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While Nike management addressed several issues that are causing the decrease in market sales and prices of stocks, management presented its plans to improve and perform better. †¢ Third party sources also gave their opinions on whether the stock was a sound investment. WACC CALCULATION: Cost of Capital Calculations: Nike Inc Cohen calculated

Sunday, December 29, 2019

Existentialism, By Albert Camus, Raymond Carvers, Short...

After all, the Choice is Yours Existentialism is a humanism, sure, if one were so inclined, since after all it is ones’ choice to choose if they are a true existentialist. Any and all human philosophies can be used as a guide to ones’ path in life in their own morality, however, until it becomes inconvenient then it is tolerable to deviate off ones’ path to make it work for themselves. The basic foundation of existentialism is, existence precedes essence and there can be no human nature if this is ones’ belief, as Descartes puts it, in a sense; â€Å"I think therefore I am†. These traits and actions are portrayed throughout the stories of Albert Camus, The Stanger, Raymond Carvers, Short Cuts and Woody Allen’s movie, Crimes and Misdemeanors.†¦show more content†¦Meursault mirrors Sartre’s description of existentialism in his absurd view of the world and life in general, by demonstrating that nothing really matters, since everyone must live and die, what we do in between is irrelevant. The paramount description relating to Sartre’s existentialism and Camus portrayal of such justification, is when Marie asked if she could marry Meursault and his reply was, â€Å"I said it didn’t make any difference to me and that we could if she wanted to†. Therefore, he dons the choice onto Marie, however the true insignificance to Marie’s proposal is what is being upheld in his decision. Sartre states â€Å"You are free, therefore choose that is to say, invent. No rule of general morality can show you what you ought to do: no signs are vouchsafed in this world†. In other words, Meursault’s negligible response of insignificance and purposelessness is his choice and his expression of not caring regardless, but if she wanted to get married it was tolerable with him, may sound as a justification, and however becomes Meursault’s right choice. In abstract; David Drake states, in his article, â€Å"Sartre: Intellectual of the Twentieth Century† that, â€Å"I feel no solidarity with anything, not even myself: I do not need anybody or anything† (32). Meursault was content with his life, whether the rest of the world approved was a non-factor for him. After all, the choice was his. In Raymond Carvers, Short Cuts, (1993), a book with ten stories and

Saturday, December 21, 2019

The Ups And Downs Of Euthanasia - 1288 Words

Mi’esha Straughn Dr. Willis 12 October 2017 ENG 101/102 Mini Term The Ups and Downs of Euthanasia Losing a loved one is an experience that no one wants to go through. Moms, dads, aunts, uncles, and the like are all an integral part of life. However, what if one of these loved ones were terminally ill and losing strength day by day? Would one want to watch them suffer, clinging on to the last bit of life that they have, or would he want to help end the suffering in a peaceful manner? These are some of the questions asked when choosing whether or not to euthanize a loved one. Although it is debatable, the need for euthanasia is apparent not only based on ethical standpoints, but from logical viewpoints as well. Instead of euthanization†¦show more content†¦Opposer Courtney Campbell â€Å"respects and advocates for patients to have control and dignity in dying† (Should Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?). However, he goes on to say that, â€Å"In all cases (medical or non-medical), taking human life should be a last resort, and until our society has given appropriate attention to pain control, hospice care, and advance directive, we will not have met the criteria of last resort with respect to legalized euthanasia† (Should Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?). Campbell, like many others hold their opinions in the hands of emotional preference. As readers can see from this statement, Campbell and opposers that think like him do not fully take the patient s needs into account. Even if they feel like this option is irrational, immoral, and inconsiderate, they still should leave the decision up to the pain-stricken patient and his or her grieving family. Logically speaking, if euthanasia were to be legalized, it would be the final resort-of the patient’s choosing. Stephen Hawking, who has been diagnosed with ALS and despite all odds is still alive at seventy, is an advocate for euthanasia. Hawking states, â€Å"I think those who have a terminal illness and that are in great pain should have the right to choose to end their lives and those that choose to help them should be free from prosecution† (Should Euthanasia or PhysicianShow MoreRelatedWhat Would You Do If You Were In The Position In Which997 Words   |  4 Pagesyour loved ones decided to resort to euthanasia? Would you support their decision? There is a great deal of controversy surrounding the topic of euthanasia. Is it moral or is it immoral? Should it be legal or illegal? In order to form a solid opinion on any topic, you must first be well informed. Euthanasia is the painless and intentional killing of a patient suffering from a terminal illness in order to relieve them. There are several different types of euthanasia, all holding separate ethical viewsRead MoreEuthanasia I s An Action With A Medical Profession1525 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia is an action with a medical profession’s help to finish a patient’s life with the patient’s requirement (D, np). In many people’s mind, euthanasia gives them a picture of patients struggling miserably at the edge of death (E, np). It is a controversial topic through centuries. A lot of people support it because they consider it is a useful treatment to those patients suffering from physically and mentally. Meanwhile, same amount of people try to find negative impacts of it to againstRead MoreEuthanasi An Incurable Form Of Cancer Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesall of these decisions makes it clear that the United States had come to the right conclusion benefiting our society and making our country a better place. One of the up and coming policies in the political spotlight is the right to euthanasia. Euthanasia is â€Å"the act of causing death painlessly, so as to end suffering† (â€Å"Euthanasia†). Fully healthy people take for granted their autonomy, privacy, and dignity provided by full functioning bodies. Some people, however, are not so lucky. Chantal SebireRead MoreActive And Passive Euthanasia Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pages Rachels and Brock In â€Å"Active and Passive Euthanasia† Rachels demonstrates the similarities between passive and active euthanasia. He claims that if one is permissible, than the other must also be accessible to a patient who prefers that particular fate. Rachels spends the majority of the article arguing against the recommendations of the AMA. The AMA proposes that active euthanasia contradicts what the medical profession stands for. The AMA thinks that ending a person’s life is ethically wrongRead MoreVoluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesmorally permissible? Voluntary Active Euthanasia is a controversial subject, Does one have the right to end their own life? According to Peter Singer in â€Å"Voluntary Euthanasia: A utilitarian Perspective,† Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible under certain circumstances. If and only if certain requirements are met by certain parties can the process of voluntary active euthanasia be completed. Certain situations where Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible include; mentalRead MoreEuthanasia Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pages Intentionally making someone die, rather than allowing that person to die naturally is the definition of euthanasia according to the International Anti-Euthanasia Task Force (Euthanasia: Answer to Frequently Asked Questions, 1). This definition, itself, does not sound very appealing. The practice of euthanasia in any shape or form should never be legalized in the United States and should be banned wherever it is presently legal. Whether it be the assisted suicides associated with quot;Doctor Deathquot;Read MorePrinciples of Euthanasia1412 Words   |  6 Pagesand/or moral principles resolve the major issues in medical ethics Euthanasia can be classified in relation to whether a patient gives informed consent, it can then be sorted into three types: voluntary, non-volontary and involuntary. One of the arguments regarding euthanasia is the problem of definition. The question of the argument is, where does the killing of a person become acceptable and subsequently where is Euthanasia applied. There is a debate amongst bioethics and medical literature,Read MoreEuthanasia Is Not An Acceptable Choice Of Death1415 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Americans tend to endorse the use of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia when the question is abstract and hypothetical† (Ezekiel Emanuel). Not many people support it, but many of them do. Euthanasia the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. The practice is illegal in most countries. Or also known as â€Å"mercy killing†. To those many patients who have terminal illnesses the procedu re is done to them. But only if they are sufferingRead MoreThe Argument Of Active And Passive Euthanasia1240 Words   |  5 PagesPassive Euthanasia,† In his article Rachel’s argues that both passive and active euthanasia are morally permissible and the doctors that is supported by the American Medical Association(AMA) is believed to be unsound. In this paper I will offer a thorough analysis of Rachel’s essay then so offer a critique in opposition of his arguments. In conclusion I will refute these oppositions claims by defending Rachel’s argument, and showing why I believe his claims that both active and passive euthanasia areRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal? Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: The Right to Die Euthanasia is a concept that has been around for a very long time. It has been practiced since ancient Greece. We all have different opinions towards it; some of us might be for it and others against it. In most parts of the world Euthanasia is illegal. Many countries have denied the right to euthanasia, but is that fair and ethical? It is the painless killing of a patient’s agony from an incurable and painful disease. Euthanasia should be legal

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Effective Business Communication for Creativity and Innovation

Question: Discuss about theEffective Business Communication for Creativity and Innovation. Answer: Ms. Claudia Banks 122 River Heights Drive Bettendorf, IA 52722 Dear Ms. Banks: Thank you for your recent purchase. We wish you many years of satisfaction with your new Yahama CG1 grand piano. The CG1 carries more than a century of a Yamahas heritage in design and production of world-class musical instruments and will give you many years of playing and listening pleasure. Our commitment to your satisfaction doesnt stop with your purchase, however. As a vital first step, please remember to call us sometime within three to eight months after your piano was delivered to take advantage of the Yamaha ServicebondSM Assurance Program. This free service program includes a thorough evaluation and adjustment of the instrument after youve had some time to play your piano and your piano has had time to adapt to its environment. In addition to this important service appointment, a regular program of tuning is essential to ensure your pianos impeccable performance. Our piano specialists recommend four tunings during the first year and two tunings every year thereafter. As your local Yamaha dealer we are ideally positioned to provide you with optimum service for both regular tuning and any maintenance or repair needs you may have. Sincerely, Madeline Delauny Owner Lean media, which has capacity to carry the reduced amount of information, could not judge the other factors of face-to-face communication such as facial expressions and gestures when someone is communicating (Finegan, 2014). In contrary to that, in face-to-face communication, these factors such as facial expression and gestures, which are important however, silent factor in communication could be seen. In lean media or asynchronous text communication such as email or instant massage, words sometimes fail to express the emotional nuances. In these situations, one uses emoticons to express what could not be expressed in words. Thus, emoticons sometimes enrich the comprehensive level of the overall meaning of the lean media communication. In the following case study, the use of emoticons in the professional communication has helped to tackle the situation in well-organized way. The winking emoticon in the case study is telling everyone to lighten up without saying so. This was necessary in the communication of the case study situation. It was not possible to replace the sarcasm presented in the text massage with the use of other symbols or periods. In this type of case, application of emoticons is necessary and demanding in compare to its context. Emoticons have that power where words fail to communicate whatever one wants to communicate (Lee, 2016). It has its own usefulness in the lean media communication and that is why it has invented. It could communicate something more apart from the words. However, the use of emoticons in the official communication seems unprofessional, childish and not formal (Skovholt, Gronning Kankaanranta, 2014). In my opinion, use of emoticons in the professional communication should depend on the situation and context (Loglia, 2013). There is no universal acceptability of application of the emoticons in the communication of the professional world however; in some cases, emoticons could be used like the situation in the case study. Later, the user of the emoticons in the case study has replaced the winking emoticons with simple period and after that, with exclamatory symbol. The user thought that the use of the winking emoticon is inappropriate and unprofessional and later he changed it. However, the meaning of the text in the case study could be excellently expressed with application of the emoticon. As an example of using emoticons, the following case study is appropriate. However, in this case, the user has thought that using emoticon in text massage is unprofessional, but the application of emoticons could deliver the massage more comprehensively to the colleagues. The problem of using emoticons in the professional communication is that the user cannot understand how the other party would receive it (Loglia Bower, 2016). No one wants to take risks getting on the nerves of the superiors as the superiors could anytime check official massage. The reason behind not using emoticons could simply because one wants to be on trend as like in the past, communication through text massage was unprofessional. However, a massage with emoticons is one thing, applying emoticons as the universal language could simply create misinterpretation to the recipient. Stream of symbols or emoticons could not be the professional language; in the professional communication, the only application of the large extent of emoticons could create misinterpretation (Loglia, 2013). It could be applied in private communication. According to me, when instant massage or g-mail or other applications have been using to communicate, emoticons could be acceptable in that case as this is the fun part in the new form of communication. The way and medium of communication has changed a lot in the last decades. We have talked about a lot to accommodate the possible changes in the workplace communication, thus, difficulty in communicating emotional nuances in lean media, emoticons is not that bad and it could be applicable when it is necessary. Receiving emoticons in the emails of the job application, I would be disgusted. However, Use of emoticons could not break the professional tone of communication if it is applied in proper way and appropriate place. In the professional world, emoticons are not so welcoming though (Kuney, 2013). However, I could accept it in other form of text massages apart from the job application mail. Job application e-mail massage should contain the relevant information regarding the applicants. It is job applicants duty to communicate the employer regarding the relevant experiences, educational qualifications, and training taken. He or she should try to make employer understand that how appropriate and efficient he or she is in particular job role. This type of email should end with thanks and regards to the employer to allocate time and consideration. In job application email, the tone should be strictly professional (Skovholt, Gronning Kankaanranta, 2014). As a manager, I would at least expect the professional tone in case of job application emails. Using emoticons in such areas could break the strict professional tone, which is no more demanding in this type of e-mails. I would rather accept emoticons in the job application email in negative way. It could approach me to provide some extra advantages to some cases where emoticons are being used in thanks and regards section of the mail. In other areas in the job application, application of emoticons has no utility. There is no need to use emoticons in the other areas such that, educational qualifications, work experiences. Use of emoticons is irrelevant in this type of descriptions (Loglia, 2013). In job application email, the other part is contact details of the applicants where employers could connect with the applicants directly. In the contact details, use of emoticons is not only unnecessary, rather offensive and abnormal. Why would someone use emoticons in the contact details? There is absolutely no reason to use emoticons in the contact details and profile descriptions of the applicants (Loglia Bower, 2016). Emoticons should be used in the professional communication where it is necessary and demanding. The emoticons should express the emotional nuances where words could not satisfy the expression of the heart and mind (Lee, 2016). In the job application emails, I think there is no necessity to use emoticons in anywhere and as a manager; I would be disappointed to see this unnecessary actions where one is using emoticons. References Finegan, E. (2014).Language: Its structure and use. Cengage Learning. Kuney, G. W. (2013). Legal Form, Style, and Etiquette for Email.Transactions: Tenn. J. Bus. L.,15, 59. Lee, J. S. (2016). Emoticons. InEthical Ripples of Creativity and Innovation(pp. 207-213). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Loglia, J. (2013). How Emoticons Affect Leader-member Exchange. Loglia, J. M., Bower, C. A. (2016). Emoticons in Business Communication: Is the:) Worth it?.Emotions, technology, and design, 37-54. Skovholt, K., Gronning, A., Kankaanranta, A. (2014). The Communicative Functions of Emoticons in Workplace E?Mails::?.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(4), 780-797.